Louisiana Private Investigator Licensing Practice Exam

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What initiates a civil action in a federal court?

  1. Complaint

  2. Notice

  3. Filing

  4. Claim

The correct answer is: Complaint

A civil action in a federal court begins with the filing of a complaint. The complaint is a formal legal document that outlines the plaintiff's allegations against the defendant and sets forth the basis for the court's jurisdiction, the legal claims being made, and the relief sought. It serves as the foundational document that officially initiates the lawsuit and notifies the defendant of the claims against them. The complaint provides the necessary context and framework for the case, allowing the court to understand the issues at hand and for the defendant to prepare a response. Without a complaint, there would be no formal assertion of claims, and therefore, no civil action in a federal court could be initiated.